Types of Medicine for ADHD

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADD or ADHD) is a disorder characterized by hyperactivity or restlessness, trouble concentrating, and trouble controlling impulses. It is one of the most common conditions of childhood and adolescence. Experts agree that this condition affects 8%-10% of school-age children, and over 40% of children with ADHD continue to have the disorder into adulthood.

ADHD is caused by both genetic and life experience factors. People with ADHD have problems developing self-regulation and decision-making skills. It is a neurochemical and neuroanatomical disorder, with chemical imbalances in the brain affecting attention, pleasure, and movement. ADHD medications aim to improve attention, impulse control, and activity level.

There are different types of ADHD medications, including stimulants and non-stimulants. Stimulant medications increase the levels of neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine, which are associated with attention, pleasure, and movement. Non-stimulant medications, like atomoxetine and guanfacine, are also used to treat ADHD symptoms. These medications have different durations of effect and can be taken in various forms, such as pills, patches, or liquid.

ADHD medications may have side effects, which vary depending on the medication. Stimulant medications can decrease appetite and weight, cause stomach upset, headaches, insomnia, raised blood pressure, and rarely psychosis. Non-stimulant medications may cause drowsiness, decreased appetite, headache, stomach upset, nausea, dry mouth, constipation, and irritability.

ADHD medications can interact with other medications, so it is important to consider potential drug interactions. Acidic substances and some diuretic antihypertensive medications can affect the levels of stimulant medications in the body. Certain substances that stimulate the nervous system, like caffeine and certain antidepressants, can enhance the effects of stimulant medications.

Precautions should be taken when prescribing ADHD medications. Lab work, electrocardiograms, and monitoring of weight, blood pressure, and side effects may be necessary. It is important to assess any history of heart problems, seizures, or eating disorders before prescribing certain medications.

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ADHD Resources

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Warnings and precautions for ADHD drugs

Precautions for ADHD medications involve reviewing or requesting lab work and monitoring weight, blood pressure, and side effects. Electrocardiograms or evaluations by a cardiologist may be necessary for individuals with heart problems. It is important to monitor blood pressure and assess risks for seizures or eating disorders before prescribing certain medications.